BombOmOm

Make a textfile you sync between your devices. Save the URL, book name, or whatever; each on a new line.

So tags and the option to filter them would be nice!

You can tag them at will. Put “#TagName” next to an entry and later you can ctrl-f “#TagName” (or anything else) in the file. Notepad++, grep, and other tools will even give you a list of everything that matched your search criteria if you want to see all items that match at once.

I like to keep things simple!

All I did for that one was search “Threadripper” and look at the pictures for ones with 4x x16 slots that were not hella expensive. There are technically filters for that, but, I don’t trust people to list their things correctly.

For which chipsets, ect to look for, check out this page. If you click on Learn More next to AM5 for example, it tells you how many PCIe lanes are on each chipset type which can give you some initial search criteria to look for. (That is what made me point out x670E as it has the most lanes, but is not newest gen, so you can find used versions.)

Yeah, adding to your post, Threadripper also has lots of PCIe lanes. Here is one that has 4 x16 slots. And, note, I am not endorsing that specific listing. I did very minimal research on that listing, just using it as an example.

Edit: Marauding_gibberish, if you need/want AM5: x670E motherboards have a good number of PCIe lanes and can be bought used now (x870E are newest gen AM5 with lots of lanes as well, but both pale compared to what you can get with Epyc or Threadripper).

Basically no GPU needs a full PCIe x16 slot to run at full speed. There are motherboards out there which will give you 3 or 4 slots of PCIe x8 electrical (x16 physical). I would look into those.

Edit: If you are willing to buy a board that supports AMD Epyc processors, you can get boards with basically as many PCIe slots as you could ever hope for. But that is almost certainly overkill for this task.

Yeah, going along these lines. There is probably a USB header on the motherboard. These have pretty darn good speeds. You can get an adapter that lets you turn those into a USB-C port and then use a standard USB-C to Ethernet adapter. Something like this or this. No guarantee on either of those specific adapters being good though. Looks like slim pickings for such things and both of those are garbage brands.

If you have a USB-C port on the back of your motherboard, you can get an adapter for that directly.

Also, motherboards generally come with 2.5Gb/s ports now too. Some even have two. Something to consider.

Am I correct in understanding that the card will run at PCIe gen 3 X1 if I do this?

Correct. The situation you described in the original post would result in Gen 3 x1 speeds.

The interface will always default to the fastest standard that both sides can support. If one is gen 2 and the other is gen 4, gen 2 is the highest that can be supported. If one side is x8 and the other is x4, x4 is the highest that can be supported.

What can I do if the card is PCIe gen 2 x8?

If you put a Gen 2 x8 card in a Gen 4 x1 slot, you will get a Gen 2 x1 link.

File a small slit in the end of the slot so the card fits into it, but runs past the back. The card will run at Gen 3 x1 speed, but otherwise work properly.

Many motherboards even come with the end of the PCIe slots open for this exact purpose.

Edit: Gen 3 x1 runs at almost a full GB/s, so a 2.5Gb/s card (notice the change in size of the “B”) should have more than enough bandwidth on Gen 3 x1, even at 2.5Gb/s full duplex.

Yeah, your suggestion is the only thing I could think that would even work, but honestly, it’s probably more trouble than it is worth.

An alternative which doesn’t quite meet the requirements, but will be much lower effort would be to format the drive(s) as exFat, which both Windows and Linux can read without issue. Then put them up as a network share in both OSes.

If you are wanting RAID 1 with those two drives…this won’t work unless you are either using hardware raid (maybe you can set it in your bios?) or if you can find a software raid that both windows and linux use. For RAID, maybe just pick one OS and that will be the one that has the share.

I would also recommend against the SSD caching idea with all this other stuff in the mix, wait till you have a dedicated NAS PC. You are going to pull your hair out otherwise.

OP, do you have an old computer, even an old laptop? A NAS doesn’t require much computing power. You can plug your drives in via a SATA to USB adapter. Then you will have a dedicated NAS box and all these problems get 500x easier.

Pentium D processors are pretty power hungry, so factor that into your thoughts. Also make sure you put a modern OS on it that is getting security updates. It probably has Win XP or Vista installed which isn’t safe to connect to any network.

It should work fine as a router as long as you don’t enable any of the packet inspection features. For basic routing and firewalling for a home network it should be plenty powerful. I would personally put a small SATA SSD in it as the main drive and ditch the 90GB HDD.

As an additional idea, if you put a larger SATA drive or two into it you could make it a NAS.

I have not personally experienced a dropout with a SMR drive. That is from the reporting I saw when WD was shipping out SMR drives in their Red (NAS) lineup and people were having all kinds of issues with them. According to the article (below), it sounds like ZFS has the worst time with them. WD also lost a class action suit over marketing these as NAS drives, while failing to disclose they were SMR drives (which don’t work well in a NAS).

We want to be very clear: we agree with Seagate’s Greg Belloni, who stated on the company’s behalf that they “do not recommend SMR for NAS applications.” At absolute best, SMR disks underperform significantly in comparison to CMR disks; at their worst, they can fall flat on their face so badly that they may be mistakenly detected as failed hardware. Source

As you are looking for bulk data storage, the drive’s speed isn’t of too much concern. A 5400RPM drive is plenty.

If you are looking to put this drive into an array with other drives, make sure you get a CMR drive as SMR drives can drop out of arrays due to controllers finding them unresponsive. If a drive does not list it is CMR, it’s best to assume it isn’t. Seagate has a handy CMR chart, for example.

Additionally, if there are multiple spinning drives in the same enclosure, getting drives with vibration resistance is a good bonus. Most drives listed for NAS use will have this extra vibration resistance.

For running an OS off a USB drive, I would recommend getting a USB to M.2 enclosure and putting an M.2 drive in it. This will give you better performance than any flash drive out there. The memory they put into normal flash drives is just slow slow slow for the use case of an OS.

M.2 Enclosure

M.2 Drive to go in it

Now, the only negative there is that is kinda expensive. If you really want to stick to a normal USB drive, maybe try this one out. But I would really like to stress that running an OS off a normal USB drive is going to be slow.

There are some decently priced drives available used on eBay and Mercari, but they tend to get snatched up pretty quickly. Official refurbs are probably your best bet if you don’t want new, I know B&H sells official refurbs.

The main issue is people think ‘I spent $200 on this, it still works, I’ll sell it for $150 used’ and don’t bother checking what is actually selling. Both eBay and Mercari have a sold listings filter, which is a great way for both buyers and sellers to figure out what things are actually worth.

Unlikely. The main issue comes with port forwarding, but you are locked out from doing that already. I say go for the triple NAT, put your own router after the ISP’s modem and then you have full control of your LAN.

I personally use an old self-built desktop running linux (TrueNAS and Windows also work). Getting a case with lots of drive bays is inexpensive. And it lets you do pretty much whatever you want with the NAS as it’s a full blown computer. I always found the prices for the purpose built NAS to be shockingly high.

Thisin! Links to a few min overview of a Ryzen based PoE mini-pc.

https://lemmy.world/comment/7886685

Level1Techs just posted this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW4WyuGKsho

Laptop class CPUs can though. AMD Ryzen chips are useful all the way down to 15w. There is a post in this thread of a mini-PC with one and PoE. Real happy that exists.

I would be interested in this as well. The Pi certainly works and I am running one POE. But the Pi can be very limiting.

If you are converting something, be aware PoE has a power budget of 15w and PoE+ has 30w. Though PoE++ can do 100w, I have not seen many switches with that.

Yeah, for TrueNAS it would be a mirrored ZFS array with said two drives, functionally the same.

Your basic components will be an old desktop you have lying around and two hard drives. Put the two hard drives in RAID 1 (mirroring) set with either a network share and/or FTP access to add/remove stuff from the array. The drives optimally should be the same size, but if they aren’t that is OK, the amount of redundant space available will the the size of the smaller of the two drives.

Depending on what you have lying around this might not cost you anything. However, if you are going to spend money anywhere it should be on the drives themselves. You probably don’t need anything fancy, just a pair of 5400RPM HDDs that are large enough to hold your data, plus some room to grow.

You can use any OS of your choosing as basically everything supports the requirements. Linux, Windows, and TrueNAS come to mind as viable options. You may or may not want a third, tiny, drive just to boot the OS, particularly for Windows, as it can make things easier. I personally use Linux for my basic NAS with SFTP access.